There was limited effect of silage finishing or first and second grazing season on quality traits. Beef from a higher forage diet displayed a more intense red colour and higher thawing loss. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and beef flavour score were enhanced by higher concentrate intake during the second season and finishing period. Bulls fed a higher concentrate finishing diet held a longer beef flavour. Insoluble and total collagen contents increased with slaughter age, whereas collagen solubility and hue angle reduced with age. All bulls were offered different diets during the first grazing season. Bulls slaughtered at 15 months of age differed with respect to the finishing system, whereas 19-month-old bulls differed in energy consumption during a second grazing season and finishing period. The present study aimed to assess the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of Longissimus thoracis muscle from young dairy bulls: Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Jersey Ã- Holstein-Friesian (JEX). Nian, Yingqun Allen, Paul Prendiville, Robert Kerry, Joseph P Physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of young dairy bull beef derived from two breed types across five production systems employing two first season feeding regimes. Angus bulls had a higher (P<0.03) maximal LH response to GnRH and larger area under the GnRH-induced LH curve than Senepol bulls. Basal T concentrations and area under the GnRH-induced T curve were greater (P<0.07) for bulls fed the above rather than the below maintenance diet. The final rectal temperature was 0.5 degrees C lower (P<0.003) in Senepol than in Angus bulls. In general, Angus bulls had superior initial semen quality (P<0.06) however, during summer, semen quality tended to decrease in Angus but not in Senepol bulls. Red Bull® Energy Drink significantly improved driving relative to placebo: SDLP was significantly reduced during the 3rd (p 0.1) or semen quality. No significant differences were observed during the first 2 h of driving. Secondary parameters included SD speed, subjective driving quality, sleepiness, and mental effort to perform the test. Primary parameter was the standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), i.e., the weaving of the car. A third condition comprised 4 h of uninterrupted driving. After 2 h of highway driving in the STISIM driving simulator, subjects had a 15-min break and consumed Red Bull® Energy Drink (250 ml) or placebo ( Red Bull® Energy Drink without the functional ingredients: caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, B vitamins (niacin, pantothenic acid, B6, B12), and inositol) before driving for two additional hours. Twenty-four healthy volunteers participated in this double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. The purpose of this study was to examine if Red Bull® Energy Drink can counteract sleepiness and driving impairment during prolonged driving. Mets, Monique A J Ketzer, Sander Blom, Camilla van Gerven, Maartje H van Willigenburg, Gitta M Olivier, Berend Verster, Joris C Positive effects of Red Bull® Energy Drink on driving performance during prolonged driving.
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